3rd century) established rules for adding and subtracting negative numbers. Negative numbers were also used in the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art, which in its present form dates from the period of the Chinese Han Dynasty (202 BC – AD 220), but may well contain much older material. It has been proposed that negative numbers were used on the Greek counting table at Salamis, known as the Salamis Tablet, dated to 300 BC. In bookkeeping, amounts owed are often represented by red numbers, or a number in parentheses, as an alternative notation to represent negative numbers. (Some definitions of the natural numbers exclude zero.) The non-negative whole numbers are referred to as natural numbers (i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3.), while the positive and negative whole numbers (together with zero) are referred to as integers. In general, the negativity or positivity of a number is referred to as its sign.Įvery real number other than zero is either positive or negative.
#Negative and positive rules in addition plus#
The positivity of a number may be emphasized by placing a plus sign before it, e.g. Conversely, a number that is greater than zero is called positive zero is usually ( but not always) thought of as neither positive nor negative. To help tell the difference between a subtraction operation and a negative number, occasionally the negative sign is placed slightly higher than the minus sign (as a superscript). For example, −3 represents a negative quantity with a magnitude of three, and is pronounced "minus three" or "negative three". Negative numbers are usually written with a minus sign in front. For example, −(−3) = 3 because the opposite of an opposite is the original value. The laws of arithmetic for negative numbers ensure that the common-sense idea of an opposite is reflected in arithmetic. Negative numbers are used to describe values on a scale that goes below zero, such as the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales for temperature. If a quantity, such as the charge on an electron, may have either of two opposite senses, then one may choose to distinguish between those senses-perhaps arbitrarily-as positive and negative. A debt that is owed may be thought of as a negative asset. Negative numbers are often used to represent the magnitude of a loss or deficiency. In the real number system, a negative number is a number that is less than zero. In mathematics, a negative number represents an opposite. This thermometer is indicating a negative Fahrenheit temperature (−4 ☏). Real number that is strictly less than zero
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